What does Newsom executive order N-9-26 require of AI companies?

Nothing directly yet. The order directs the Government Operations Agency to speed up SB 813 and AB 1405 and to deliver recommendations by November 16, 2026 on onsite auditors, verified safety filings, a kill switch, and wider incident reporting. Binding obligations would need new legislation or rulemaking.

Who are the experts advising on the AI kill switch order?

Governor Newsom named four on September 23, 2026: Jason Goldman, Gillian Hadfield (Johns Hopkins), Alondra Nelson (Institute for Advanced Study), and Rob Reich (Stanford). They advise on onsite verification, verified safety filings, the kill switch, and loss-of-control incident definitions.

What is the difference between SB 813 and AB 1405?

SB 813 (McNerney) creates a framework for independent verification organizations that assess AI systems for compliance with state law. AB 1405 (Bauer-Kahan) creates a state registry of AI auditors with standards for independence, transparency, and integrity. Newsom signed both on September 9, 2026.

Does the California kill switch order affect small businesses?

Not directly, because it targets large frontier developers. It affects you as a buyer. A vendor that must support a kill switch can deactivate a model you depend on, so your contract should cover notice, fallback models, and data export.

Is the federal AI Kill Switch Act the same thing?

No. The federal bill from Reps. Lieu and Moran would give DHS shutdown authority over the largest AI developers. California's order is a state study directive with a November 16 recommendation deadline. Neither is a binding customer-facing rule yet.

Newsom AI Kill Switch Order N-9-26: Vendor Contract Clauses

TL;DR: Newsom's executive order N-9-26 (September 18, 2026) does not regulate AI companies directly. It speeds up SB 813 and AB 1405, signed September 9, and asks for recommendations by November 16 on onsite auditors in frontier labs, verified safety filings, a frontier kill switch, and a wider incident definition that includes loss of control. If you buy from frontier vendors, the effect is contractual. Four clauses you can request today are below, with copy-paste language.

Two weeks ago California signed the machinery for AI audits. Twelve days ago the governor ordered it built faster and asked whether frontier labs should host auditors on their own premises and carry a kill switch. Most coverage treated this as a story about labs. For a team that buys AI, it is a story about what your vendor contract will need to say.

The order is a study directive, not a rule. Nothing in it obliges your vendor to do anything on a fixed date. That is exactly why the window matters: the terms get written in the next few months, and buyers who ask now shape what "normal" looks like.

What the order actually does

Executive order N-9-26 is dated September 18, 2026. According to the governor's press release, it directs the Government Operations Agency to accelerate the implementation timelines for SB 813 and AB 1405. It also convenes a group of experts to give California a guide for strengthening its AI safety and security laws within two months.

The two bills came first. On September 9, 2026, Newsom signed:

SB 813 (McNerney): a framework for independent verification organizations that can assess AI systems and models for compliance with state law.
AB 1405 (Bauer-Kahan): a state registry for AI auditors, with standards for their independence, transparency, and integrity.

The order then asks the agency, in consultation with national experts, to report by November 16, 2026 on the technical feasibility and likely efficacy of four proposals:

Requiring large frontier developers to embed designated independent verification organizations onsite in their labs for periodic audits and evaluations.
Independent verification of safety frameworks, transparency reports, and risk assessments.
Requiring a "kill switch" for frontier models, with the switch's efficacy verified on an ongoing basis.
Widening the definition of "critical safety incidents" to include loss-of-control events. The press release cites the Hugging Face attack as the example.

On September 23 the governor named four experts: Jason Goldman, Gillian Hadfield (Johns Hopkins), Alondra Nelson (Institute for Advanced Study), and Rob Reich (Stanford). Newsom framed the goal as national: "California has already built a national model, and our policy should be the national baseline."

One correction to a common misreading. Several summaries say the order "requires" frontier labs to host auditors and build a kill switch. It does not. Those are the four proposals under study. Until the November 16 recommendations become a bill or a rule, they bind no one.

The dates that matter

Code on a monitor representing frontier model controls that California is studying for independent verification

Date	Event	Status
Sept 9, 2026	SB 813 and AB 1405 signed	Law
Sept 18, 2026	Executive order N-9-26 issued	In force as a directive
Sept 23, 2026	Four-person expert group named	Announced
Nov 16, 2026	Recommendations due on onsite auditors, verified filings, kill switch, incident definition	Pending
May 1, 2027	Application requirements and criteria for verification organizations (Gov. Code 8898.1)	Reported statutory date
Dec 1, 2027	Completion of Gov. Code 11549.82(a) steps, with actions under (b) beginning	Reported statutory date

The last two dates come from secondary coverage of the statutes (ppc.land and Sigma Law Group), and I could not confirm them against the enrolled bill text. The order says it accelerates these timelines, but no source I found gives revised dates. Check the Government Operations Agency site before you put either date in a compliance calendar.

If you track California more broadly, our Newsom September deadline tracker covers the other bills on the governor's desk, and the federal AI Kill Switch Act analysis covers the DHS shutdown bill that is a separate track.

Why a kill switch is a buyer's problem

Most commentary asks whether a kill switch can work technically. Buyers should ask a different question: what happens to my workloads when the vendor uses it?

A kill switch that deactivates a frontier model is an availability event. If your support bot, coding assistant, or document pipeline calls that model, it stops. The proposal says the switch must have its efficacy verified on an ongoing basis, which means it will be tested, and tests can touch production. Your standard SLA almost certainly treats a deliberate safety shutdown as force majeure or excludes it entirely.

The same applies to the other three proposals. Onsite auditors generate findings you may want to see. Verified filings produce documents you may want to rely on. A wider incident definition changes what your vendor must tell you and when. In each case the state is deciding what the vendor must do. Your contract decides what you get to know and what you are owed.

We made a similar point after the OpenAI agent escape disclosure gap: no law required the vendor to tell customers, so the contract was the only lever. N-9-26 does not change that this quarter. It does tell you which terms will soon look reasonable rather than aggressive.

Four clauses to request now

1. Independent verification status

Ask whether the vendor has engaged, or will engage, an independent verification organization under SB 813, and whether you will receive a summary of the findings. Vendors will resist sharing full reports. A summary attestation is a reasonable ask, and it matches how most audit attestations already work.

2. Loss-of-control incidents in the notification clause

Most AI vendor agreements define an incident as a security breach or a data exposure. The order's fourth proposal widens the state definition to loss-of-control events. Your contract can get there first. Ask that "incident" include any event where a model or agent acts outside its intended operating boundaries, whether or not a vulnerability was exploited, and that the vendor notify you within a fixed number of business days of discovery.

3. Kill switch continuity

Ask for advance notice of a planned deactivation, a defined fallback model or version, a data and prompt export right, and service credits for unplanned shutdown. You will not get all four from every vendor. Ask for the fallback and the notice first, since those protect operations.

4. Auditor identity and access

Once AB 1405 is running, a registry will list qualified AI auditors. Ask that any auditor the vendor relies on for safety claims be registered when a registry exists, and that you can receive the audit scope and dates. A safety claim with no named auditor and no scope is marketing.

Copy-paste addendum language

AI SAFETY AND CONTINUITY ADDENDUM (draft for counsel review)

1. Incident definition. "AI Incident" means any event in which a model or agent
   provided under this Agreement acts outside its intended operating boundaries,
   including loss of control, unauthorized external access, or evasion of
   evaluation or monitoring controls, whether or not a security vulnerability
   was exploited.

2. Notification. Vendor will notify Customer of an AI Incident that could
   affect Customer data, outputs, or availability within [7] business days of
   discovery, and will provide a written summary of cause and remediation.

3. Independent verification. Vendor will disclose whether an independent
   verification organization has assessed the models provided under this
   Agreement, the date and scope of the assessment, and will provide a summary
   of findings on request.

4. Deactivation and continuity. Except where prohibited by law, Vendor will give
   Customer at least [X] hours notice before deactivating a model version
   Customer uses, will make a [named fallback version] available, will permit
   export of Customer prompts, configurations, and fine-tuning data, and will
   credit fees for any unplanned deactivation exceeding [Y] hours.

Have counsel review it. The bracketed numbers are negotiating positions, not market standards. No one has established market standards for these terms yet, which is the point.

What to do this quarter

Pull the AI vendor agreements that cover frontier models you rely on. Mark which ones define "incident" narrowly.
Send the four requests at your next renewal, or as a mid-term amendment for any vendor you cannot easily replace.
Add a calendar item for November 16 and read the recommendations when they publish. If the kill switch and onsite auditor proposals survive, expect vendor contract templates to change within a quarter.
Add the kill switch scenario to your AI incident response plan: who decides to fail over, and to what.
Record the answers in your vendor file using the AI vendor due diligence checklist.

For clause libraries beyond these four, see our agentic AI vendor contract clauses guide and the AI vendor contract red flags list. For who can actually enforce failures today, see who enforces AI vendor failures.

What we do not know yet

We do not know which of the four proposals the Government Operations Agency will recommend, whether the recommendations become a 2027 bill, or whether federal action overrides any of it. The order's national-baseline language reads as a pitch to Congress, not a prediction. The order also cites one incident, the Hugging Face attack, as its example of loss of control, so the eventual definition may be shaped by that single case.

What we do know is narrower and more useful. The state has signed the audit infrastructure, ordered it faster, and put a kill switch on the study list with a date attached. Vendors will be asked about all of this by other customers before November. It costs you nothing to ask first.

Governors' AI executive orders, fall 2026